包世臣所作〈完白山人傳〉是對後世影響最為深遠的鄧石如傳記，其中記載的鄧石如與曹文埴的交遊，更主導了後人對鄧石如其人其書的認知。本文根據大量鄧石如及其友朋的信札手稿，亦結合曹文埴的詩文著述，對〈完白山人傳〉中的種種誇飾、虛構予以澄清。並分別詳細考證了：鄧石如與曹文埴的早期交往，乾隆五十五年二人的北上赴京之旅，鄧石如在北京的境況及其離京南返，曹文埴介紹其入武昌畢沅幕府，及曹文埴的「遺言」等。通過與相關原始文獻的比勘，可以清晰地把握包世臣是如何構建鄧石如的歷史形象的。而由此考察鄧石如與包世臣的交往，可知後者在認同鄧石如藝術成就的前提下，以相當主觀的態度將以鄧、曹交遊為核心的鄧石如生平事蹟加以發揮演繹，並同其自身的憧憬與時代的需求相結合。這一寫作行為，使得〈完白山人傳〉成為《藝舟雙楫》中的重要篇章，而鄧石如其人亦被塑造為「碑學」運動的偶像與宗師。

Bao Shichen’s “Biography of Wanbai Shanren” can be considered to be the most influential biography of Deng Shiru. Its descriptions of Deng’s friendship with Cao Wenzhi provide perspectives for how Deng and his calligraphy would be received and understood by the generations to come. Based on a profusion of letters between Deng and his friends as well as Cao’s poems and writings, this article identifies and corrects the exaggerated and fictitious accounts in the biography. A number of details are also thoroughly studied in this article, including Deng’s early interactions with Cao, their journey to Beijing in 1790, Deng’s living conditions in Beijing and his southward departure back home, Cao’s introduction for Deng to enter Bi Yuan’s governor office in Wuchang, and Cao’s “testament.” By studying the primary sources, this article reveals how Bao constructed Deng’s historical image. In addition, by examining Deng’s interactions with Bao, we can see that Bao appreciated Deng’s artistic achievements and intentionally exaggerated his life stories by centering the interpretation on Deng and Cao’s friendship. Bao also included his own expectation and the needs of the new era in his writing, making the “Biography of Wanbai Shanren” a significantly informative Chapter in Yizhou Shuangji, and accordingly, shaping Deng as a master of the “beixue” (Stele School) movement.

鄧石如; 曹文埴; 完白山人傳; 包世臣; 碑學

Deng Shiru; Cao Wenzhi; “Biography of Wanbai Shanren”; Bao Shichen;“beixue” (Stele School)