乾嘉時期，無論是參與金石收藏的人數，還是收藏的範圍、類目、數量等，都遠遠超出清初的規模。在時人的眼中，黃易的收藏最為引人矚目，他官至山東運河同知，位階不高，並沒有特別的政治資源，但他在短短三十年中積累了五千餘件拓片，其中不少原物在陝西、四川、湖南、湖北、江西、福建、廣東、新疆等距山東較遠的省份。在沒有成熟市場的情形下，迅速徵集全國範圍內的金石拓片如何成為可能？本文在研讀黃易與友人大量往來通信的基礎上，發現在黃易所編織的人際網路中，地方官對於拓片徵集具有重要貢獻。作為某一區域的行政長官，地方官在打探金石資訊、遣人椎拓或是提供拓碑幫助等方面，都有充分的權力與便利。我們還進一步發現，黃易任職所在的濟寧是運河的樞紐之一，為經過此地的各地官員及其親眷、友人提供放行、護送或是接待服務，是黃易委託拓碑的契機或是回報之一。而他在書畫篆刻領域的聲名，也使得他在應酬外界時，比翁方綱、孫星衍等人僅能書法具有更大的優勢。無論是主動的饋贈還是被動的回報，他的作品無疑是地方官為之操辦拓片的動力。

The Qian-Jia period far exceeded the early Qing dynasty (1644-1735) in terms of both the number of people involved in collecting jinshi and the scale, category, and amount of jinshi collection. Huang Yi’s (1744-1802) collection was the most prominent in the contemporary view. Promoted to the Vice Prefect of the Grand Canal of Shandong, a position not high in rank, Huang was not entitled to many political privileges and resources. Nevertheless, he managed to collect more than five thousand rubbings within a short thirty years, of which a great number were collected from provinces distant from Shandong, including Shaanxi, Sichuan, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, and Xinjiang. What made it possible to collect these jinshi rubbings nationwide rapidly when the market had not matured? Through studying the correspondence between Huang Yi and his friends, this article argues that the local officials in Huang Yi’s social network played a significant role in his rubbing collecting activities. As the administrator of a particular region, a local official had adequate power and convenience in probing information about jinshi, sending people to make rubbings, as well as offering needed assistance. Furthermore, Jining of Shandong, where Huang Yi held his post, was one of the hubs of the Grand Canal which provided permission release, escort, and reception for the local officials and their relatives and friends who passed by. These services became either an opportunity for Huang Yi to commission rubbings or a means to repay favors. Meanwhile, unlike his contemporaries like Weng Fanggang and Sun Xingyan who solely specialized in calligraphy, Huang Yi’s fame in calligraphy, painting, and seal carving gave him more advantage in social engagement. Hence his artworks kept motivating the local officials to collect rubbings for him, whether to be presented as gifts or simply as a gesture of reciprocation.

乾隆; 金石收藏; 拓片; 黃易; 地方官

Qianlong; jinshi collecting; rubbing; Huang Yi; local officials