第二次世界大戰之後，瑞士白冷會在日本與臺灣展開新的傳教工作。其中，費宥諒（Karl Freuler，1912－2000）以神父與建築師的身份實踐亞洲宣教的抱負，結合久居日本二十年的經歷，以及教堂建築作為宗教教育載體的信念，在1950至1970年間創作了廣佈於日本、臺灣與韓國的上百座教堂。這些教堂驚人的數量與多元的樣貌都讓費宥諒的作品在教堂建築史上成為一種獨特的存在。本文首次檢視神父建築師費宥諒在1953－1968年間為臺灣所設計的四十餘座教堂，透過梳理它們的風格特色、設計理念，與歷史脈絡，解析它們如何反映出瑞士現代教堂建築趨勢、如何融合東亞傳統建築元素，以及如何落實禮儀改革、亞洲福傳策略、宗教教育及文化涵化等理念。上述議題的釐清得以確立費氏設計在東亞教堂建築發展上的深遠影響，以及它們記錄瑞士、日本與臺灣的文化藝術關聯之獨特價值。

After the Second World War, the Swiss Bethlehem Mission Society started new mission fields in Japan and Taiwan. Along with this development, hundreds of churches designed by Father Karl Freuler (1912-2000) were built in Japan, Taiwan, and Korea in 1950-1970. Being a Catholic priest-architect and living in Japan for 20 years, Freuler committed himself to the Asian mission through designing churches as bearers of religious education. The large numbers and various styles of the churches built have rendered Freuler’s works a unique accomplishment in the architectural history. This study investigates for the first time the forty churches in Taiwan designed by Freuler during 1950-1968 through analyzing their stylistic characteristics, design concepts, and historical context. In doing so, this study aims to reveal insights into how Freuler’s church buildings reflect the changes in Swiss modern church architecture, the integration of features in East Asian architectural tradition, the ideas of the liturgical movement, the strategy of Catholic mission work in Asia, and the approach of religious education and accommodation. The findings of this study provide new understandings about the impact of Freuler’s designs on the development of church architecture in East Asia and how these designs can be important evidence of the cultural and artistic correlation among Switzerland, Japan, and Taiwan.

白冷會; 費宥諒; 教堂建築; 臺灣; 瑞士

Bethlehem Mission; Karl Freuler; Church Architecture; Taiwan; Switzerland