本文檢視四川窖藏出土南宋仿古器，與墓葬地宮的器物比較，以了解其在不同語境中的意義。受宋代復古思潮影響，仿古器在南宋時大量出現，四川窖藏更出土許多範例。然而這些仿古器在入窖前的文化意涵與社會功能卻不受重視。這可能由於當前學術主流將四川窖藏視為宋蒙戰爭中為掩埋財貨所置，學者因而多注重出土器物的物質特性。本文將宋代仿古器放在不同語境中分析。與中央或地方祭祀有關的仿古器，在形制用途上與作為範本的商周祭祀器接近。與佛教道教祭祀有關的仿古器，在功能上多為供瓶與香爐用於祭臺，在形制上則有多元的形態與紋飾。與文人物質文化有關的仿古器多與文房用具共出，在形制與材料上表現文人生活品味。宋代仿古器的根本性質並不限於與古物的相似性，其歧異性更為重要。這是因為後者更能兼容屬於當代的形制特色，彰顯古代在當代的意義與功能。

This study examines archaistic objects from Southern Song caches in Sichuan by comparing them with objects from tombs, underground vaults and other archaeological sites, in order to understand the contextual meanings of these objects. Archaistic objects appeared in large number during the Southern Song as a result of the Song antiquarian movement which paid careful attention to the formal elements, among other features, of ancient objects. Although Sichuan caches produced numerous examples of Song archaistic objects, their socio-cultural significance prior to the burials has been overlooked due to a predominant view about these caches which focuses primarily on the materiality of the objects as potential war-time loot in the Mongol invasion of the region during the thirteenth century. This study analyzes Song archaistic objects in three contextual categories related to state rituals, religious rituals, and literati culture. It is concluded that a large number of Song archaistic objects were produced in the context of the state sacrifices and local Confucian rituals which were characterized by their formal features and ritual functionality closely resembling the Shang-Zhou models. On the other hand, many archaistic objects used in Buddhist or Daoist rituals were adopted for their functionality as altar pieces, primarily offering vases and incense burners, which exhibited a wide range of form and décor. The archaistic objects associated with literati life-style were often found with paraphernalia from a scholar’s studio. These objects demonstrated the refined taste and aesthetic values indicative of the cultured life-style of Song literati. In addition to the contextual analyses of Song archaistic objects, this study also reveals that Song archaistic objects were defined by both the affinity to antiquity through their formal resemblance and the deviation from antiquity signified with a combination of eclectic motifs from the ancient and contemporary sources.

仿古器; 四川窖藏; 宋代; 復古運動

archaistic objects; Sichuan caches; Song dynasty; Song antiquarian movement