北宋士大夫開創了金石收藏與研究的傳統，被後代視為金石學的典範，但北宋的典範地位在南宋是如何確立的，學界的討論並不多。本文將金石收藏放回兩宋之交的歷史變局來審視—尤其是「靖康之難」造成的文化浩劫，以偏安在南宋行在臨安一帶的皇帝與士大夫收藏家為主要對象，探討「靖康之難」與隨後的「中興」情結如何左右南宋時期古銅碑拓的收藏與研究、如何將北宋推向典範地位、又如何影響到南宋金石收藏與著錄的新發展。

靖康戰火之後，公私收藏流散，逃過戰爭摧殘的北宋金石圖錄不僅是古文物的著錄，也成為汴京文化盛世的象徵，更具體羅列出那些因戰亂而流離、需要恢復的文物清單。在趙宋王朝重建的過程中，高品質的複製文物（包括拓片與仿古文物）出現，成為古物的「替身」，代替被戰火摧殘的原件而存在，以滿足朝野復興北宋文化的心理需求。在此特殊的歷史情境之下，在臨安及臨安附近出現的南宋仿古文物看似仿自商周古銅器，它們的典型實為宋徽宗的新成禮器與《宣和博古圖》，是意圖復興北宋文化藝術的結果。

One major branch of Chinese antiquarianism, the jinshixue (study of metal and stone), burgeoned and flourished with the efforts of the Northern Song scholar-officials to collect and study ancient bronzes and stone steles. Their works have been exalted as paradigmatic and their endeavors worth emulating, but how these assessments came into being is still open to debate. By taking into consideration the historical and cultural crisis of 1127, during which both the ancient capitals that had cradled the Chinese culture of high antiquity and the “national treasures” accumulated by pervious Song emperors were lost to the Jurchen, this study argues that the desire to recover that which was lost among imperial and elite collectors was predominant in the development of Southern Song antiquarianism, especially in areas around Hangzhou. Not only were Northern Song antiquarian works sought after, but likenesses of ancient bronzes were also reproduced in ink rubbing, ceramic, and bronze, driving the replication techniques to a new development. These replicas of antiquities served as substitutes for the lost originals to the nostalgic imperial and elite collectors. By recovering the “national treasures” they were able to rebuild the dynasty and to revive the glory of Kaifeng in Hangzhou. Seen in this light, the author contends, many Southern Song archaistic artifacts, although appearing to have been copied after Shang and Zhou bronzes, might in fact have been emulating emperor Huizong’s new ritual bronzes and the imperial antique bronze collections recorded in the catalogue Xuanhe bogu tu. Heavily charged with cultural and symbolic values, antiquities also played a significant part in the dynastic revival of the Southern Song.

全形拓; 仿古; 鐘鼎款識; 隸續

archaism; antiquarianism; composite rubbing; Zhongding kuanshi; Li shu