眾所周知，乾隆皇帝（名弘曆，1711－1799，以下約定成俗，簡稱「乾隆」）喜愛書畫，除了收藏、品鑑之外，他也熱愛吟詩、寫字，同時也喜愛作畫。

相較之下，他的畫作較少受到關注。由於筆者研究乾隆親自建設並完成的一座規模上僅次於「避暑山莊」的「靜寄山莊」，發現在乾隆十年（1745）以靜寄山莊為主體所畫的所謂《御筆盤山圖》軸（北京故宮博物院藏），構圖稠密，山石圓渾，主山堂堂。此畫為高162公分、寬93.5公分的大軸，結構精密筆法成熟，竟不下於乾隆時代的任何宮廷畫家和詞臣畫家的作品！可稱之為「乾隆御畫之最！」根據乾隆在此畫上第一則長詩之後的題跋云：

「是幅屬筆於四月上旬，成於七月上旬，玉粟牋頗艱致，但愧筆弱，不足配之，將來再遊田盤，即景得句，當遍書其上也。乙丑七夕題並書。」

可見此畫似為乾隆獨自費時三足月才完成的力作，但是經過筆者多年的求證思考，目前可以肯定此畫絕不是如乾隆自題語氣所云的是獨力完成的作品。再從乾隆時代的眾多院畫家及詞臣畫家作品中進行大量比對，排除其他畫家的可能，明確指出唐岱（1673－1752以後）是《盤山圖》主要的合作者及執筆者。

As people all know, Emperor Qianlong (1711-1799) was addicted to collect calligraphy and paintings. He also found time to paint many paintings himself. There is a large and good quality landscape painting The Mount Pan, dated 1745 under his name, in the collection of Palace Museum, Beijing. This article tries to compare stylistically this work with many other convincing paintings by Emperor Qianlong himself, in order to prove The Mount Pan actually was not painted by the Emperor’s own hand.

By thorough search and comparison with all the paintings by the court painters, working around 1745, I clarify that Tang Dai’s (1673-after1752) style and brushwork perfectly match with those seen in The Mount Pan. By further research of the close relationship between the Emperor and Tang Dai’s, I finally confirm that Tang Dai was the only collaborator and “ghost painter” of the Painting of Mount Pan.

乾隆皇帝; 盤山圖; 唐岱; 代筆

Emperor Qianlong; Painting of Mount Pan; Tang Dai; ghost painter