中國的風水文化淵遠流長，至今仍可見其影響。本文研究風水文化在宋代的擴展。本文共分八部分，第一部分為前言，略談風水在中國社會的影響力。第二部分討論宋以前風水文化的概況，以及宋以前重要的風水大師的一般情形。第三部分論述宋代風水師增加的情形，以及風水師的來源。第四部分討論宋代風水文化表現在陽宅的興修。第五部分探討風水成為討論議題，以及反對風水的言論。第六部分檢視風水信仰如何影響宋人的墓葬及改葬，以及何以有些士大夫接受風水擇地的作法。第七部分討論理學如何因應排山倒海而來的風水文化，以及部分理學家態度的改變。同時也敘述宋代風水文化的擴展如何影響後世。第八部分為結語。 總而言之，風水文化在宋代有「擴」與「展」兩方面。這兩方面的變化，深深地影響我們今日對風水的態度。

The culture of geomancy has a long history in China, and still exerts influence there today. This paper focuses on its development in the Song Dynasty, and is divided into eight parts. The first section gives a general description of the influence of geomancy (fengshui, 風水) in Chinese society. The second section discusses the use of geomancy in pre-Song China, including analyses of geomantic “masters” during this period. The third section studies the growth of geomancers in the Song and where they came from. The fourth section analyzes how geomancy influences the siting of human structures, including school, government, religious, and private buildings. The fifth section examines how geomancy became a topic of discourse among Neo- Confucian scholars, analyzing why they were against geomancy. The sixth section discusses how burials and re-burials were influenced by geomancy and why some scholar-officials accepted geomancy. The seventh part examines how, encountering the overwhelming impact of geomancy, Neo-Confucians scholars responded to this challenge, how their attitude changed, and how the development of the culture of geomancy in the Song influenced later periods. The eight section gives concluding remarks.In sum, “growth” and “change” occurred in the culture of geomancy in the Song. These developments deeply influenced the attitude of contemporary Chinese society toward geomancy.

風水；風水師；宋代；墓葬；理學

geomancy；geomancer；Song Dynasty；burial；Neo-Confucianism