魏晉南北朝時期的歷史特點之一是非漢民族的興起，另一個則為貴族政治的盛行。這兩個特點基本上是同時出現的，本文從這一同時性入手來考察東亞世界形成時期的政治構造。貴族政治的特質是在君主權力的相對衰弱之中存在的。這一時代的貴族階級本為地方豪族，他們通過在宗族、鄉黨之間所獲得的信賴關係掌握了鄉里社會，這也是導致君主權力相對減弱的主要原因，因此，這一時代中央和地方的政治關係與漢代相比側重於地方。魏晉以來，中央政府為了有效地統制地方而設置了都督諸軍事制度，但這種統制是以地方社會日益增強的自立性作為前提的，我們從都督府的府官由地方豪族來充任一事上可以窺其端倪。總之，都督諸軍事是一項建立在統制與自立這一矛盾基礎之上的制度，它充分體現了貴族政治的特質。都督諸軍事的職能主要是掌管軍事，而民政權則在州刺史那裏，軍事與民政的分離與上面所談到的都督諸軍事在地方的統制形態是密切相關的。永嘉之亂不但使中國國內漢族政權的統治發生了動搖，而且這一政治變動的影響進而波及到了朝鮮半島和日本列島，使部落國家林立的這些地域逐步走上了領域國家之路。繼高句麗之後，百濟、倭也先後統一了其所在地域，以中國為中心的國際關係由此而產生，東亞世界也得以成立。將東亞各國連接在一起的是所謂冊封體制，而在所授受的官爵當中，最為重要的是對軍事權的適用地區作出了規定的都督諸軍事。就制度而言，它首先承認了各個國王所擁有的行政權，在此之外，就只對軍事統制權這一項給予認可，都督諸軍事制度就這樣從中國內地逐漸擴大到了域外的朝鮮半島和日本列島。這項制度所體現的是統制與自立的政治論理，在此論理之下，包括各國國王在內的一部分統治階層接受了中國式的將軍號，並被承認為貴族官僚的一員。統制與自立的這一政治論理後來繼續發展成唐代的羈縻州政策，並導致了周圍各個民族自立性的進一步高漲，至此，東亞世界也隨之進入第二階段。

One of the characteristics of the Wei-Jin and Southern-Northern Dynasties is the rise of non-Han peoples. Another is the prevalence of aristocracy. Actually, these two features appeared basically at the same time. By analyzing this synchronicity, this article tries to examine the nature of the East Asian World of the time. The establishment of the local Military Governorship (Dudu zhuzhou junshi) from the Wei-Jin Period was for better control of local areas by the Central Government in China. However, this policy was based on the increasing local autonomy. This could be seen in the fact that the officials in the Military Governments were staffed by the local ruffians and warlords. The Yongjia Rebellion (311) undermined the Han Chinese regime in China proper. Its impact on the Korean Peninsula and Japanese Islands accelerated the unification of these two countries. This change, in turn, also contributed the making of the East Asian World centered around China. The countries in East Asia, such as Po-ji and Japan, were connected with China through the institution of investiture and enfeoffment. In doing so, China first recognized the administrative power of the locality and then invested Military Governorship to the local kings. This Military Governorships in the various East Asian Countries had become the most important institution coming from the Chinese Emperor, and later gradually developed their respective independence in the East Asian World.

魏晉南北朝；東亞世界；貴族政治；都督諸軍事；將軍號；冊封體制；高句麗；百濟；倭

Wei-Jin and Southern-Northern Dynasties；East Asian World；aristocratic polity；Military Governorship；Title of General；investiture；Poji；Wo