本文以「集王羲之行書」（以下簡稱「集王行書」）為風格􀠬􀣸脈絡，討論該書風在北宋的流傳情形。若以題跋文字與傳世墨跡來研究，「集王行書」在此期的樣貌無法完全呈現。然而藉由金石書籍與石刻史料的運用，可以勾勒出「集王行書」在此期的流變。筆者用「集王行書」而不用僧懷仁〈集字聖教序〉這一作品，主要是從北宗的金石書籍與題跋文字無法得知當時有影響力的文人見過僧懷仁〈集字聖教序〉，但見過「集王行書」，「集王行書」大量出現在北宋的金石著錄而非題跋文字，這和石刻書跡的傳真性不足以作為書法的學習，因此不被北宋文人接受有關。最後藉由石刻史料的運用，勾勒出「集王行書」在北宋的流行脈絡。在宋真朝以前和唐代的關係密切，分別存在於佛教系統與宮廷系統，且書風無太大改變。唐代宮廷系統的「集王行書」用於皇室墓誌；北宋宮廷系統的「集王行書」，又稱「院體」，用於對外的官方文告。宋哲宗朝以後，佛教系統消失；宮廷系統的「院體」產生了變化，這和院體書吏由伎術官轉換成士流的管道，從北宋真宗至神宗朝逐次削減有相當的影響。

This essay discusses the development of Compendia of Model Writings of Wang XiZhi in the Northern Song dynasty (960-1126) based on its context. However, images of this style cannot be seen from the colophons or the hand writings which still remain nowadays, but directly through the books of Epigraphy and stone carving, we can draw the contour of the currency and change of Compendia of Model Writings of Wang XiZhi. From the colophons there is no proof that any of the literati who had great influence on calligraphy had seen “Preface to Sacred Teachings”（集字聖教序）, so the author uses the term Compendia of Model Writings of Wang XiZhi instead of “Preface to Sacred Teachings”, but it is known that they had seen Compendia of Model Writings of Wang XiZhi. This essay first intends to discuss if Compendia of Model Writings of Wang XiZhi and “Preface to Sacred Teachings” have the same concept of style. Secondly, this essay intends to explain why Compendia of Model Writings of Wang XiZhi appeared in the Northern Song Epigraphy documents but did not appear in the colophons of the same period. This is related to their writing style. Compendia of Model Writings of Wang XiZhi belongs to stone carving, and to copy or use that style as the model of calligraphy learning was not accepted by the Northern Song literati.

The author then uses the historical materials from stone carvings to describe the trend of using or learning Compendia of Model Writings of Wang XiZhi in the Northern Song dynasty. Before the rein of Emperor Zhenzong (998-1022), there had been an intimate relationship with Tang Dynasty style, the style that had been practiced separately for Buddhist writing and also court writing, and this style didn’t change much. After the rein of Emperor Zhezong (1086-1100), it disappeared from Buddhism writing, and Compendia of Model Writings of Wang XiZhi in court, known as “academy style (Yuanti)” had changed. The reason for this change was that the channel of becoming scholar-officials from the skilled officials changed during the reign of Emperor Zhenzong to Shenzong (1023-1085) with fewer high officials drawn from the ranks of the court writing officials.

王羲之; 集字; 石刻; 院體; 伎術官

Wang XiZhi; Compendia of Model Writings; Engraved Stone; Academy Style; skilled officials