本文試圖觀察十六、十七世紀之交，繼葡萄牙人之後，西班牙與荷蘭人相繼東來尋求亞洲貿易據點，促使台灣成為國際航線轉運站之過程，輸入台灣的玻璃珠與煙斗等外來物質的樣貌。台灣本島的玻璃珠輸入起始年代很早，約自距今1800年前，進入金屬器時代，玻璃珠物質的使用更為普及，但其來源主要是以印度、東南亞、中國等亞洲供應網絡。現有考古遺址與民族誌資料顯示，隨著十六、十七世紀國際商業勢力在此之交會，輸入台灣的玻璃珠品類亦擴增至歐洲、日本製品。從交換物品內容觀察，珠子似乎是外來者投原住民所好，用以交換當地物資的物質媒介。相對於此，約於同時期輸入台灣的煙斗物品，則是前所未有，可置於十五世紀以來因為哥倫布探險美洲而開啟的煙草與吸煙文化的國際傳播脈絡加以考察，其品類亦顯示歐洲白陶煙斗、日本銅煙斗與可能來自美洲陶煙斗的國際組合。歐洲白陶煙斗僅是在台荷蘭商員的消費物，日本銅煙斗與可能來自南美洲、中南美洲的陶煙斗則很可能進入原住民部落，成為消費品之一。筆者推測荷蘭人與西班牙人在引進煙草與使用煙管喫煙此一新習俗上，扮演一定的角色。這些外來物質有些因為數量眾多，歷經長時間流傳成為擁有該物質原住民族的重要文化遺物，如淇武蘭遺址出土金珠；有些輸入有限缺乏後續供應者如煙斗，原住民在吸煙生活習慣逐漸建立之後，自行製作陶質或者竹、木質等替代性煙斗。這些物品，即是日後日治時期以來所建構或認知的原住民傳統文化的核心物質之一。

The present study attempts to study tobacco, tobacco pipes, glass, beads, and other foreign materials imported into Taiwan by the Spanish and the Dutch, who had followed the Portuguese in their eastward expansion in Asia in pursuit of secure bases for their activities. The research done on the contemporary archaeological sites and ethnological records indicate that during the period of the incursion of international trade powers in the 16th and 17th centuries, the origin of glass bead objects imported into Taiwan expanded to include those from Europe and Japan. Examination of the records on exchanged goods indicates that beads were the favored foreign objects of Taiwan’s aboriginal peoples, who used local products in exchange for them. In addition, tobacco, tobacco pipes and related goods imported into Taiwan at approximately this time were a completely novel element in Taiwanese material culture, and should be understood against the background of Columbus’s expedition to the Americas in the 15th century and the subsequent development of tobacco culture and its international dissemination. The authors of the present study have inferred that the Dutch and Spanish played substantial roles in the import of tobacco and the new custom of using pipes for consumption. Some of these objects, due to their larger numbers, were passed down through the ages and became important cultural relics of the aborigines who owned them, such as the gold beads excavated at the Ch’i-wu-lan site. For some of the imported items for which the supply was subsequently cut off, such as tobacco pipes, aboriginal peoples gradually turned to making their own pipes from pottery, bamboo, or wood as replacements in order to satisfy their smoking habit. These objects would later become core elements of traditional aborigine cultures that came to be recognized and understood starting from the Japanese colonial period.

十七世紀; 臺灣; 煙草; 煙斗; 玻璃珠; 熱蘭遮城遺址; 淇武蘭遺址; 原住民; 交換

Seventeenth Century; Taiwan; tobacco; tobacco pipe; glass bead; Zeelandia site, Ch’i -wu-lan site; aborigine; exchange