明代洪武二年（公元1369年）於江西景德鎮設立御窯廠之後，景德鎮窯業得到空前的發展。因為此後景德鎮所生產的民間與官方陶瓷關係密不可分，所以研究者討論十五世紀景德鎮民窯時，不能忽略官窯。本文作者依序對影響十五世紀景德鎮窯業的歷史性因素、景德鎮民間與官方用瓷的關係、以及景德鎮民間窯場進行分析。有關十五世紀景德鎮窯業與其歷史背景，本文的討論著重於永樂皇帝擴張國家領土的政策和永樂官窯中帶有濃厚伊斯蘭風格的外銷瓷之間的關係，以及另一方面，宦官王振的督導與正統、景泰、和天順年間官窯瓷器的關係。其次，作者介紹官窯瓷器上書寫年款的發展變遷與歷史意義，並且經由官方與民間陶瓷燒製技術、器形與裝飾等方面的比較，嘗試解決在作品上無紀年款的民間日用器的編年問題。最後，本文分析十五世紀民間窯廠的特徵，包括了民窯地點的分布，生產陶瓷的造型特徵，以及對明代初期窯業的整體影響。除了介紹屬於「黑暗期」的出土民間用器，作者也綜合討論十五世紀民間窯廠的具體生產情形。

The establishment of the Imperial Factory in the second year of the Hung-we regin(1369) represents a big step forward in the development of Ching-te-chen ceramic production. From this moment on, commercial and imperial wares were inseparably linked to each other. It is therefore impossible to neglect imperial wares when studying commercial wares.

In a first instance, the author discusses the social and historical background of Ching-te-chen production of the period. Secondly, regarding the relationship between commercial and imperial wares, the author first analyzes the development and significance of reign marks on imperial wares. In spite of the absence of reign marks on commercial wares of the 15th century, approximate dating can be obtained by comparison of these wares in terms of technique, design and decoration with imperial wares.

In a last instance, the author focuses his analysis on 15th century commercial kilns and their characteristics. The author first discusses the geographical distribution of commercial kilns, characteristics of ceramics produced at these kilns, as well as the influence of these wares on techniques, designs, and decoration of the period. Finally, the author offers a general overview of conditions of production at commercial kilns of the 15th century, based on a systematic analysis of Li-shu-t`an kiln wasters.

十五世紀; 景德鎮; 民窯

15th century; Ching-te-chen; commercial kilns