南宋人葉寘撰《坦齋筆衡》有一段關於南宋官窯的敘述：「中興渡江，有邵成章提舉後苑，號邵局，襲故京遺制，置窯于修內司，造青器，名內窯，澄泥為範，極其精緻，油色瑩徹，為世所珍。後郊壇下別立新窯，比舊窯大不侔矣。」根據這一記錄，多數研究者得出結論，認為南宋修內司官窯瓷器擁有「極其精緻」且「油色瑩徹」的特點，而郊壇下官窯瓷器的特點與修內司官窯瓷器的特點有所不同。但是，之所以得出這種結論，有可能是因為誤解了上一段中的「比舊窯大不侔矣」。實際上，修內司官窯瓷器與郊壇下官窯瓷器都具有「極其精緻」及「油色瑩徹」的特點。

「極其精緻」的前提是「澄泥為範」，多數研究者認為「範」指陶範。因此，研究者主張，模製成形是南宋官窯瓷器製作技術的重要特點。但是，這種主張與「澄泥為範」的實際內容有較大差距。「澄泥為範」是指，用淘洗的泥料（坯料）成形。南宋官窯製作瓷器時，通過淘洗工序，提高Al2O3的含量（%），加工出了高溫燒成時抗變形力較高的坯料，而這種方式成為了南宋官窯瓷器「極其精緻」的生產基礎。

南宋官窯瓷器的另一大特點是「瑩徹」的釉色，這與施厚釉的加工方法有較為密切的關聯。多次施較厚的單層釉，可以製作出這種厚釉，而較厚的單層釉和多次施釉，都需要經過素燒過程。也就是說，南宋官窯在素燒的器物進行幾次施釉與素燒以後，還會進行入窯正燒，以使釉層變厚、釉色「瑩徹」。

A literature from the Southern Song dynasty, Tan Zhai Bi Heng, stated, with respect to the Guan kiln of the Southern Song dynasty, people valued Xiuneisi Guan Ware because of excellent delicacy and fine colors of glaze while Jiaotanxia Guan Ware was not. Until now, numerous scholars had considered that the quality of Jiaotanxia Guan Ware is inferior to that of Xiuneisi Guan Ware. However, such understanding is resulted from the misunderstanding the relative phrase of Tan Zhai Bi Heng. The excellent delicacy and fine colors of glaze are referred to both Xiuneisi Guan Ware and Jiaotanxia Guan Ware.

On the other hand, scholars have argued that using the pottery molds to shape Guan Ware of the Southern Song dynasty was the important characteristic of production technique, and based on such technique, the delicate Guan Ware of the Southern Song dynasty was produced. However, this argument is, once again, resulted from misunderstanding the relative phrase of Than Zhai Bi Heng, “Cheng Ni Wei Fan”. The production technique of the delicate Guan Ware of the Southern Song dynasty was based on producing the high anti-stress clay at high temperature plasticity by increasing Al2O3 content by water-filtering the clay.

Another characteristic of Guan Ware of the Southern Song dynasty, the fine colors of glaze, were deeply related to thick glazing. This thick glazing was acquired by putting glaze multiple times to thicken it. Further, the first burn made thickening glaze and multiple coatings of glaze possible. In other words, Guan kiln of the Southern Song dynasty was able to have the fine colors of glaze by such multiple glazing process.

南宋官窯瓷器; 大不侔矣; 澄泥為範; 多次施釉; 素燒

Guan ware of the Southern Song dynasty; “Cheng Ni Wei Fan”; multiple glazing process; the first burn