第20期
/
2006 / 3
/
pp. 1 - 18
太陽之德
The Virtue of the Sun
作者
林巳奈夫 Minao Hayashi *
(京都大學 Kyoto University)
林巳奈夫 Minao Hayashi *
京都大學 Kyoto University
中文摘要

廣漢市三星堆遺物坑中出土青銅製太陽之樹,其立鳥均已被分解,鳥翼尖端遭到刻意損毀。在立鳥底部的花蕾狀圖案上並嵌有囧紋,這是為了避免穢物靠近太陽之鳥。囧紋以太陽迴旋光芒為原型,具有太陽的力量,以光與熱再生並化育萬物。太陽之鳥運行於世界,具有將太陽之德散播於世界的作用。刻意毀壞太陽之鳥,其目的即在於消除敵國的布德者。太陽之德的象徵到了殷商後期演變成為圓邊方形的形象,在西周中期的青銅器裝飾中則與山形紋相結合,西周晚期之後逐漸消失。不過在西漢馬王堆一號墓帛畫中依然可見太陽之德的標記。由於這個標記的象徵性,可知馬王堆一號墓帛畫所表現的主題為死者復生時的宴飲情景。

英文摘要

All of the birds on the bronze “Tree of the Sun” excavated from The Sanxingdui sacrifical pits, Guanghan City, had been took apart from the branches, and the tips of their wings had been broke on purpose. On the flower buds under these birds were found the patterns of 囧,which may have been aimed to keep the birds of the sun from pollution. The prototype of the 囧 pattern came from circular light of the sun, and it was thought to have the power of the sun—to foster all things with light and heat. Flying in the world, the birds of the sun were to spread the virtue of the sun to the world. To damage the birds of the sun deliberately was in order to destroy the virtue-distributors of the enemy country. The 囧 pattern, the symbol of the sun’s virtue, was transformed into a pattern with square shape and round corners during the late Shang period; and it was combined with the mountain-shape pattern (山形紋) in the mid Western Zhou bronze decoration and gradually disappeared in the late Western Zhou. However, on the silk banner from Tomb no.1, Mawangdui of the Western Han period, the 囧 pattern was found. Because of the symbolic meaning of this pattern, we know that the Mawangdui banner shows a scene of banquet held when the occupant of the tomb was reborn.

中文關鍵字

三星堆; 太陽之德; 太陽之鳥; 山形紋

英文關鍵字

Sanxingdui; the virtue of the sun; the birds of the sun; the mountain-shape pattern